Ad‑hoc warming hubs in wartime

When urban energy networks are disrupted by war, private firms, shops and civic networks convert workplaces and stores into informal warming/charging hubs—coordinated via messaging apps—creating a parallel civilian infrastructure to compensate for failing public utilities. Those hubs both mitigate immediate harm and introduce new risks (power surges, fires, targeted theft, and unequal access). — If replicated across conflict zones, the emergence of private warming hubs alters humanitarian response, legal liabilities, and resilience planning—shifting some burden from state services to businesses and informal networks.