Air‑defense success deflates war panic

Robust air‑defense performance and low civilian casualties can mute public panic and blunt hostile propaganda, allowing everyday life to continue even under frequent alerts. That normalcy reshapes domestic political pressures and reduces the leverage that adversary narratives seek to create. — If defenses keep civilian harm low, wars may be fought more in perception and online narratives than in mass casualties, changing how states manage escalation and information operations.