Ancestry Labels Are Nested

Ancestry categories commonly used in ancient‑DNA work (Yamnaya, Corded Ware, Bell Beaker) are not mutually exclusive 'sources' but nested mixtures that already contain deeper farmer and hunter‑gatherer components. Modeling modern groups without decomposing those layers risks misattributing continuity or novelty to later cultures. The proper comparison requires opening each labeled component into its constituent ancestries before inferring relationships to present populations. — This reframing matters because it undermines simplistic genetic claims about who is 'native' to a region and should temper how genetics is used in public debates about identity and heritage.