Ancient C‑sections, Modern Policy

A short history of cesarean operations shows the practice has ancient uses and meanings (Roman, religious, folk surgery) even as today roughly one third of U.S. births occur by C‑section. Reading that continuity forces us to treat current high C‑section rates not only as a clinical metric but as the product of social, infrastructural and institutional change over millennia. — Framing C‑sections historically connects maternal‑health policy (rates, indications, rural access), bioethics (when surgery is used), and cultural meaning (ritual vs. medicalization), shifting debates from isolated clinical practice to coordinated system reform.