Breakaway Hard‑Left Parties

High‑profile ex‑Labour figures (Jeremy Corbyn, Zarah Sultana) are converting longstanding radical subcultures into formal electoral vehicles outside established party structures. These breakaways combine ritualized proceduralism, sectarian organizing, and strong issue fixations (notably Palestine and transgender politics), producing organisations that are both marginal in vote share and influential in shaping public discourse. — If replicated, such breakaways can fragment the party system, shift media attention and policy debates, and either marginalize or pull mainstream parties on specific culture‑war issues.