Breed Selection Can Reduce Bulldogs' BOAS

Researchers using objective respiratory scores and trait measurements found moderate heritability (roughly 20–50% for respiratory function, ~31–39% for nostril size) and genetic covariance among traits in bulldogs, French bulldogs and pugs. That implies selective breeding within existing breed standards can reduce brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome over generations without resorting to genetic engineering. — Highlights a pragmatic pathway to resolve a high‑profile animal‑welfare crisis and reframes debates from blaming owners to actionable breeder, kennel‑club and regulatory responses backed by genetic evidence.