Childhood prosperity explains PISA swings

A cross‑national analysis links changes in national PISA scores (2006–2025) to material conditions in childhood and to country‑level educational‑attainment polygenic scores, with an explicit test of whether prosperity mediates genetic associations. The author separates immigrant and non‑immigrant cohorts and uses OECD trend tables plus aggregated EA PGS to quantify these relationships across 81 countries. — If childhood prosperity mediates both short‑term score swings and the link between country genetics and achievement, policy focus shifts from genetics‑only explanations to concrete socioeconomic investments that can alter national education outcomes.