DNS as a Legal Choke‑Point

National regulators can treat public DNS resolvers — e.g., 1.1.1.1 — as enforceable choke‑points for content control and copyright enforcement. Because recursive resolvers sit on the critical path of name resolution, state orders to filter or block at that layer create outsized operational burdens for global providers and risk fragmentation, selective enforcement, and performance/security trade‑offs. — If regulators successfully compel resolver‑level filtering, it establishes a new tool for domestic content control with international technical, legal and free‑speech consequences.