Family Reunification Fuels Parallel Societies

Long‑running migration rules that enable mass family reunification can transform temporary labour streams into settled, multi‑generation communities that the labour market and welfare state may be ill‑prepared to integrate. When combined with deindustrialization and persistent unemployment, those policy shifts can produce concentrated social marginality that later manifests as disorder. — Frames decades‑old immigration policy as a structural cause of current urban unrest, suggesting policy legacies (not only contemporary policing or religion) must be part of debates over integration and public order.