Genome Averages Understate Heritability

Updated: 2025.09.03 1M ago 5 sources
Common molecular methods regress phenotype on genome‑wide relatedness, assuming overall genetic similarity tracks the specific loci that cause a trait. Within‑family contrasts, assortative mating, non‑additive effects, and rare/structural variants can break this link, biasing estimates downward. The heritability 'gap' may be model misspecification, not missing biology. — It warns policymakers and media not to treat low molecular heritability as proof against genetic influence when methods misalign with trait‑causal architecture.

Sources

When Low Heritability Means Different Things: Number of Children vs. Number of Fingers
Davide Piffer 2025.09.03 78% relevant
The article contrasts family/twin h² (~30–50% for fertility) with lower h²_SNP (~10–13%) and tiny h²_GWAS (~1–4%), and invokes 'hidden heritability' from cross-cohort heterogeneity (Tropf et al. 2017), aligning with the claim that common molecular methods and pooled models can underestimate true genetic influence.
The answer to the "missing heritability problem"
Sebastian Jensen 2025.08.19 100% relevant
Jensen’s critique of GREML/RDR/sib‑regression assumptions and his sibling phenotype example despite higher autosomal sharing.
The genetic and environmental composition of socioeconomic status in Norway | Nature Communications
2025.05.14 65% relevant
The paper estimates heritability of four SES indicators using both family‑based and unrelated genotype‑based methods drawn from the same 170k‑person Norwegian cohort, offering a clean, within‑sample comparison of methods and showing estimates vary by method and trait—directly speaking to claims that molecular approaches can understate heritability relative to family designs.
Heritability of lifetime earnings | The Journal of Economic Inequality
2019.05.14 80% relevant
This paper uses a classical twin design and finds high heritability for lifetime earnings, aligning with the claim that family-based methods typically yield higher heritability than molecular approaches and warning against underestimating genetic influence from genome-average methods alone.
The new genetics of intelligence | Nature Reviews Genetics
2018.01.08 60% relevant
The article notes that polygenic scores account for about 20% of intelligence’s ≈50% heritability, highlighting a persistent 'missing heritability' gap and the importance of method and sample-size advances—overlapping with the claim that molecular methods understate trait heritability.
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