Grid Neglect Risks Cascading Blackouts

Spain’s April 28 outage was Europe’s first cascading‑voltage blackout, cutting power to over 50 million people after a chain of generator trips and abnormal voltage surges. A government probe found reserve capacity was weakened by a missed thermal plant replacement, while Spain spent only $0.30 on the grid for every $1 on renewables (2020–24), far below Europe’s $0.70 average. The case shows that adding generation without parallel grid and reserve investments can increase fragility. — It reframes the energy transition as a grid‑capacity and reliability problem, not just a generation build‑out question.