Human Rights Require Nation‑State Solidarity

Human rights protections are not self‑executing global norms but require a political community with sufficient solidarity and administrative capacity to enforce them. Cosmopolitan legal frameworks and NGOs matter, but without citizens’ attachment and functioning state institutions, rights regimes will either be hollow or enforced coercively. — This reframes debates about universal human rights into a practical question of how to build and sustain civic membership and state capacity, shifting attention from abstract international law to nation‑level politics and culture.