Hybrid Maritime Interdiction

U.S. counter‑drug operations in the Caribbean now combine two distinct regimes: Coast Guard law‑enforcement boardings with arrests and seizures alongside Navy kinetic strikes that can destroy suspected smuggling vessels. The two operate simultaneously under integrated tasking (e.g., JIATF‑S) rather than a clean policy replacement, raising questions about deconfliction, legal authority, survivor treatment, and public transparency. — If state actors routinely mix law‑enforcement and military lethal tactics at sea, it changes legal norms, accountability demands, and regional stability calculations—and media narratives that simplify this as a single 'new policy' mislead public debate.