Indirect Hegemony via Managed Continuity

States can project control not only by occupying territory but by removing a regime figurehead and then governing through the surviving state apparatus — military, courts, ministers — using sanctions and the threat of force to discipline elites while avoiding long‑term occupation. This creates a paradoxical outcome: the old regime’s ideology and structures survive in a rebranded, clientalised form that serves the intervener’s economic aims without direct governance costs. — If repeated, this model changes how democracies conceive of intervention, complicates accountability (who governs), and raises new legal and humanitarian questions about sovereignty, proxy rule, and the long‑term stabilization effects of removing leaders but preserving their systems.