Laziness as effort‑cost trait

Treat 'laziness' as a measurable trait defined by aversion to exertion and initiation costs, distinct from impatience (time discounting), procrastination (anxiety/perfectionism), and broad conscientiousness. Develop tasks and metrics that directly quantify initiation friction, sustained effort aversion, and the subjective unpleasantness of work instead of relying on delay paradigms like the marshmallow task. — If psychology and policy recognize effort aversion as a distinct variable, interventions in education, workplace design, welfare, and mental‑health treatment could be better targeted and less moralizing.