Leader‑capture legitimacy paradox

When an external actor forcibly removes a head of state but leaves the ruling apparatus intact (or installs a close acolyte), the country can experience a legitimacy paradox: international actors claim to have 'restored order' while the political machine and repression continue, producing both local outrage and diplomatic confusion. This dynamic also creates incentive problems for outsiders who believe decapitating a regime automatically produces democratic change. — It matters because such operations reshape international law, set precedents for future extraterritorial actions, and often fail to produce the political outcomes sponsors expect — with major implications for U.S. policy, regional stability, and human‑rights accountability.