Management Complexity Literacy Gap

Some managers lack firsthand experience with complex systems and therefore systematically undervalue efforts to reduce technical complexity, leading organizations to accumulate hidden costs and vulnerabilities. This is not just a communication failure; it's a cognitive mismatch that explains persistent resistance to spending time on refactoring or reducing tech debt. — If accepted, this framing reframes many technology failures as failures of managerial epistemic fit, with implications for procurement, regulation, public‑sector IT, and corporate governance.