Method Drives Faculty‑ideology Estimates

Studies claiming large ideological imbalances among university faculty produce very different ratios depending on sample frame and measurement; the most comprehensive, careful studies tend to show much smaller imbalances than headline figures. Policymakers and commentators who cite single studies without attention to method risk exaggerating campus political homogeneity. — If method explains most of the discrepancy in faculty‑ideology estimates, then debates about 'woke campuses' should shift from moral panic to measurement and institutional reform grounded in evidence.