NATO’s gray‑zone cyber surge

Poland reports 2,000–4,000 cyber incidents daily this year, with a significant share attributed to Russian actors and a focus expanding from water systems to energy. The minister says Russian military intelligence has tripled its resources for operations against Poland. These figures suggest continuous, state‑backed cyber pressure on a NATO member’s critical infrastructure. — Quantified, state‑attributed campaigns against essential services raise escalation and deterrence questions for NATO and the EU, pressing for coordinated cyber‑defense, attribution norms, and energy‑sector hardening.