New cosmic test disfavors MOND

Astronomers have applied a fresh observational test that compares how gravity appears to operate across certain cosmic structures; the measurements match predictions that invoke unseen dark matter and contradict the expectations of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). This reduces the plausibility of modified‑gravity explanations for cosmic mass discrepancies and bolsters the particle‑dark‑matter paradigm. — If MOND is empirically excluded by a robust test, research priorities, public explanations of cosmology, and funding directions for dark‑matter searches are affected.