Non‑identifiers coded as opposition

The survey appendix states that respondents who did not name a party were classified as 'not supporting the government' — effectively treating independents or non‑partisans as opposition. That coding can inflate the size of the 'non‑supporter' group and shift comparisons between 'supporters' and 'non‑supporters' in measures of moral judgment or disagreement. — This seemingly minor coding choice can change media and policy narratives about how large and how hostile political out‑groups are, especially in cross‑country comparisons.