Pardons as Foreign‑Policy Leverage

Presidential clemency for foreign actors (ex‑leaders, oligarchs, traffickers) can be deployed tactically to influence elections, secure regime alignment, or reward allies abroad. Using domestic pardon power this way blurs criminal justice, diplomacy, and electoral interference and can delegitimize U.S. law‑enforcement claims and coercive options. — If presidents treat pardons as instruments of geopolitics, U.S. credibility on anti‑corruption, counter‑narcotics, and human‑rights norms will erode and opponents can exploit the inconsistency to resist U.S. policies.