Permanent Yet Precarious Populism

Democracies now contain right‑populist parties as persistent fixtures, but those parties face higher short‑term turnover because viral digital networks amplify insurgent opposition and scandal cascades. The result is a politics that is simultaneously more extreme (when populists govern) and more unstable (when they lose), producing repeated shocks to institutions and policy continuity. — If true, democracies must plan for recurrent regime swings that complicate governance, legal continuity, and foreign policy, not just one‑off populist rises.