Personalized Nudges Win

The article highlights growing evidence that one‑size‑fits‑all nudges have weaker average effects once publication bias is corrected, while interventions tailored to individual differences show stronger results. Large unpublished programmatic studies (over 23 million people) find smaller effects than published literature, shifting the conversation from 'do nudges work' to 'which nudges for whom and when'. — If true, policymakers should move from blanket behavioral tweaks to targeted, evidence‑driven nudging programs and recalibrate expectations about nudge impact on population outcomes.