Policy overhaul cuts irregular migration

EU migration policy changes over the past two years coincided with a measurable decline in irregular arrivals and new asylum applications (~25% fall in arrivals; ~26% fall in asylum filings through late 2024). Europe’s recent experience suggests that coordinated regulatory and enforcement reforms can produce rapid, observable shifts in migration flows. — If robust, this shows migration can be materially affected on short (1–2 year) timescales by policy design, altering debates over border control, burden sharing, and the political potency of migration as a mobilizing issue.