Questionnaires as Party Discipline

Endorsement questionnaires from influential groups pressure candidates—especially those in safe seats seeking advancement—to commit to policy asks that may be unpopular nationally. Because many groups move in concert, these forms function as de facto party discipline, shaping agendas beyond any single organization. The result can be a national brand out of step with voters (e.g., energy affordability) even if frontline candidates moderate. — It reveals a quiet mechanism by which interest groups set party platforms and constrain policy pivots after electoral losses.