Redundant clues for deception

Signals sent to an opponent are frequently lost, filtered, or misrouted; effective strategic deception therefore deliberately plants multiple, independent false clues (the author cites 'up to six') so that at least some will reach the enemy decision‑maker and reinforce a false expectation. This is inexpensive in materiel but demands focused staff work and cross‑channel coordination to be credible. — Applies the old naval‑deception insight to modern influence operations, social‑media manipulation, and cyber communications: policymakers and platforms must account for intentional redundancy when designing defenses or regulation.