Sampling Subgroups Fixes Ancestry Claims

Early Fulani genetics papers generalized from a single tribe, risking misleading conclusions about the whole people. Fortes‑Lima’s study includes numerous Fulani subpopulations and shows how broader sampling changes ancestry estimates and historical inferences. Good population design can overturn prior narratives built on thin data. — It warns that sweeping stories about ethnicity and migration often rest on undersampled datasets and that better sampling should be a precondition for policy‑relevant claims.