Sexuality Is Biological, Mostly Non‑Genetic

Sexual orientation appears to be rooted in biological development (prenatal environment, epigenetics, neurodevelopmental processes) rather than in stable, high‑penetrance genes. This reframes common nature‑versus‑nurture language: ‘biological’ does not imply ‘genetic’, and many population‑level patterns may reflect developmental perturbations rather than heritable alleles. — If orientation is biological but non‑genetic, it changes how policymakers, physicians, ethicists, and activists argue about identity, discrimination protections, embryo selection, and interventions aimed at 'preventing' or 'treating' non‑heterosexuality.