Titans bounced, bureaucracy wins

Because executive outsiders lack bureaucratic levers, private-sector vision stalls in government. Outsider technocrats without control of staffing, rulemaking cadence, appropriations, and enforcement find their agendas reduced to symbolic or narrow cuts rather than structural change. — Clarifies limits of businessman-as-reformer narratives, informing appointment strategies, expectations for state capacity, and accountability when tech leaders enter government.