Wheels Make Humanoids Practical

A cheap mechanical adapter plus software (sim‑to‑real RL combined with classical control) can convert legged humanoids into hybrid wheeled platforms that roll fast on flat terrain and switch to legs for obstacles. That hybrid pattern markedly lowers deployment cost and complexity for many commercial and civic tasks compared with pure legged designs. — If trivial retrofits make humanoids substantially more useful, policymakers and employers will face near‑term choices about safety standards, liability for actuator failures, labor displacement, and export/control rules for an accelerating robotics field.