You Don’t Need to Seize an AI Company When You Can Just Buy All Its Output

Governments can effectively 'nationalize' strategic AI capacity not by seizing companies outright but by designating firms or supply chains as critical, invoking procurement laws (for example the Defense Production Act), and tying contracts to access and operational conditions. That pathway lets the state compel production, shape deployment, and extract privileged access without formal ownership, reshaping corporate incentives and civil‑military boundaries. — If procurement‑based 'soft nationalization' becomes the default, it will rewrite who controls AI capabilities, the terms of civilian oversight, and the incentives for private firms—and so it matters for democracy, industry policy, and national security.