Genetics Explain 1–5% of Income

Updated: 2025.01.28 1Y ago 2 sources
A genome‑wide study of 668,288 Europeans found 162 loci tied to a common 'Income Factor' and built a polygenic score that predicts only 1–5% of income differences. The work suggests a real but small genetic component and highlights potential genetic confounding in the link between income and health. — It calibrates claims about heredity and inequality, guiding how media, policymakers, and researchers interpret SES–health causality and the limits of genetic prediction for social outcomes.

Sources

Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socio-economic health gradient | Nature Human Behaviour
2025.01.28 100% relevant
The paper’s polygenic index capturing 1–5% of income variance and the identification of 162 income‑associated loci.
Heritability of lifetime earnings | The Journal of Economic Inequality | Springer Nature Link
2019.05.14 75% relevant
This twin‑study result (Finnish twins, 20 years of earnings) reports much larger heritability for lifetime earnings than the small share typically recovered by polygenic‑score (PGS) studies; it therefore directly engages and complicates the existing idea by highlighting the gap between twin‑based heritability estimates and PGS‑based explained variance (measurement, methodology, and indirect genetic effects are plausible reasons).
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