Second‑gen Blacks close earnings gap

New national data (1995–2024) show second‑generation Black immigrants earn as much as White women and nearly match White men at the top decile, while native Black–White gaps remain large. Education appears to drive the second‑generation’s gains, and residential patterns help buffer 1st/2nd generations. — This reframes racial inequality debates by showing immigrant selection and education can rapidly narrow Black–White earnings gaps when we disaggregate by origin and generation.