Socioeconomic inflation of polygenic prediction

Using dizygotic twin differences versus unrelated individuals in a UK cohort, the authors show that roughly half of PGS predictive power for intelligence and educational traits stems from between-family processes — chiefly socioeconomic status — rather than individual-level inheritance. That contrasts with traits like height and BMI where within-family (direct) genetic effects account for most population prediction. — If PGS-based predictions partly reflect family environment and mating/ancestry patterns (not just individual genetics), using them in education, hiring, or insurance risks conflating social circumstance with innate ability.